Ultrasonic Cleaning and Piezo Transducers
The basic design of an ultrasonic cleaning transducer comprises of a ceramic disk or a ceramic disk & metal disc combination that is bonded to the base of a cleaning tank. The design selected will impact the performance of the ultrasonic cleaning transducer.
A piezo disk that is bonded directly to a water tank will vibrate in a radial mode and exhibit an impedance of several hundred ohms.
Bonding a metal disk between the cleaning tank and the piezo disk, causes the walls of the tank to become an integral part of the transducer. The vibrations from the ceramic disk apply shear forces to the tank walls, causing the tank walls to flex and transfer energy to liquid inside the tank. This application exhibits an impedance of several thousand ohms.
A couple of items to consider when designing an ultrasonic cleaning tank: Due to the amount of heat generated with an ultrasonic cleaning transducer, the ceramic disk needs to be made with a piezo material that has a high Curie point, such as APC 840 or APC 841, to avoid thermal depolarization. Next, if your tank design incorporates a metal disk, it will likely be similar in thickness to the piezoelectric ceramic element. However, the outer diameter of the disk will need to be larger than that of the ceramic disk to ensure an equal radial resonance frequency. Finally, APC recommends using aluminum as the material for the metal disk in a cleaning transducer application because of its greater electromechanical coupling factor.
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